Heat Illness

Your body normally cools itself by sweating. In hot, humid weather — especially common in most of India from March to June, and year-round in coastal/southern states — sweating alone is not always enough, and body temperature can rise dangerously. India regularly records temperatures above 45°C (113°F) in summer, and heatwaves cause significant illness and deaths every year. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issues heatwave alerts; treat them seriously.

Most heat illnesses happen with prolonged exposure. Outdoor work or exercise in high heat raises the risk. Older adults, young children, pregnant women, people who are unwell or on certain medicines, and outdoor workers (farmers, construction workers, delivery workers) are most at risk. Drinking alcohol also raises the risk.

Types of heat illness

• Heat stroke — a life-threatening emergency. Body temperature can rise above 40°C (104°F) quickly. Signs: hot and dry skin (or heavy sweating), a rapid strong pulse, confusion, dizziness, nausea, or unconsciousness. Dial 112 immediately. While waiting, move the person to shade, loosen clothing, and cool them with wet cloths or fanning.
• Heat exhaustion — heavy sweating, rapid breathing, weak fast pulse, weakness, headache, nausea. Without treatment it can progress to heat stroke. Move to a cool place, rehydrate with water or ORS, and rest.
• Heat cramps — painful muscle spasms during or after heavy exercise in the heat, usually in the legs, arms, or abdomen. Rest, cool down, drink ORS.
• Heat rash — itchy skin irritation from excessive sweating. More common in young children. Cool the skin and keep it dry.

Staying safe in hot weather

• Drink plenty of water — don't wait to feel thirsty. ORS or nimbu-paani with a pinch of salt helps replace lost salts.
• Avoid direct sun between 12pm and 4pm where possible
• Wear light, loose, light-coloured clothing; use a hat or scarf outdoors
• Take frequent breaks in the shade during outdoor work
• Check in on elderly neighbours and relatives during heatwave days
• Never leave a child or pet in a parked car, even briefly