Stretch marks

Stretch marks (striae) are narrow streaks or lines that form on the skin when it's stretched rapidly — most commonly during pregnancy, puberty, rapid weight gain, or with certain medical conditions. They appear as pink, red, or purple streaks at first and gradually fade to white or silvery lines over time.

Where do they form?

Most commonly on the abdomen, breasts, thighs, buttocks, hips, and upper arms — wherever the skin has been stretched quickly.

Causes

• Pregnancy — up to 80% of pregnant women develop stretch marks, usually in the third trimester
• Puberty — rapid growth spurts
• Rapid weight gain or loss
• Bodybuilding — rapid muscle gain
• Long-term steroid use — oral or topical corticosteroids
• Cushing's syndrome — a hormonal condition that causes steroid excess
• Genetic factors — they tend to run in families

Stretch marks are harmless. They are a cosmetic concern only — they don't cause any physical problems.

Can stretch marks be treated?

Stretch marks cannot be completely removed, but treatments can make them less noticeable — particularly when started early while they are still red/purple:

• Topical retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene) — can improve early stretch marks. NOT safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Topical hyaluronic acid
• Moisturisers — widely marketed; evidence is modest. Keeping skin well-hydrated may help.
• Laser therapy — pulsed dye laser for red/pink marks, fractional laser for older marks. Multiple sessions needed. Available at dermatology clinics.
• Microneedling — shown to improve appearance over several sessions
• Chemical peels, platelet-rich plasma — variable evidence
• Camouflage makeup — safe cosmetic option

Many creams and oils are marketed for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy (cocoa butter, almond oil, various commercial products). Evidence for prevention is limited. Keeping skin supple and maintaining steady, gradual weight changes may help, but genetics plays a large role and some people will get them regardless.

If you notice stretch marks appearing suddenly without obvious cause, or alongside other symptoms (weight gain, weakness, round face, high blood pressure), see a doctor to rule out underlying hormonal conditions.