Sexual & Reproductive Health

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — an enlarged prostate — is a very common, non-cancerous condition in older men. It squeezes the urethra and causes urinary symptoms.

Male infertility contributes to roughly half of couples' fertility problems — but is often assumed to be "the woman's issue" in India. Male evaluation should happen alongside, not after, female evaluation.

Condoms are thin barriers worn during sex to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. They are among the most widely available and affordable forms of contraception, and the only widely-used method that also offers significant STI protection.

Low sperm count — medically called oligospermia — is when the semen contains fewer sperm than normal. Normal is about 15 million or more per millilitre; below that is considered low, and azoospermia means no sperm at all.

Sexual problems in men — erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation, low libido, painful ejaculation — are common, treatable, and often underdiscussed in India due to stigma. The biggest barrier is embarrassment that keeps men from seeing a qualified doctor — and sends them to unregulated "male weakness" clinics that cause harm.

An undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) means one or both testicles have not moved down into the scrotum before birth. The testicles normally descend during the last months of pregnancy.