Trigger finger

Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) is a condition where a finger or thumb gets stuck in a bent position and then suddenly snaps straight — like pulling a trigger. It happens when the tendon that bends the finger gets inflamed or thickened and catches as it slides through its tight sheath.

Symptoms

• Finger catching or locking, especially in the morning
• A painful snap as the finger straightens
• Tenderness or a small bump at the base of the finger or thumb on the palm side
• Stiffness
• In advanced cases, the finger gets stuck bent and has to be straightened with the other hand

Most often affects the thumb, ring finger, or middle finger.

Who gets it?

• More common in women
• Adults aged 40-60
• People with diabetes (significantly more common and often more stubborn)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Occupations with repeated forceful gripping
• Hypothyroidism, gout — less commonly

Treatment

Mild cases often improve with simple measures:

• Resting the hand from aggravating activities
• Splinting — keeping the finger straight at night for a few weeks
• Stretching exercises
• Anti-inflammatory pain relievers
• Warm soaks and gentle massage

For persistent or severe cases:

• Steroid injection into the tendon sheath — effective for many; may need to be repeated
• Percutaneous (needle) release — a simple in-clinic procedure
• Surgical release of the tendon sheath — for cases that don't respond

See a doctor if your finger is locked bent, symptoms are severe, or simple measures haven't helped in a few weeks. People with diabetes often need injection or surgery and should involve a hand surgeon earlier.