Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) uses precisely targeted high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It is used for many cancers — alone, before or after surgery, or with chemotherapy. Modern techniques (IMRT, IGRT, stereotactic, proton) are far more precise than older methods, sparing healthy tissue.

Types

• External beam — a machine delivers radiation from outside. Commonest form.
• Brachytherapy — radioactive sources placed inside or next to the tumour (cervix, prostate, breast, oesophagus).
• Radioisotopes — given as a drink or injection (thyroid cancer, some bone metastases).
• Stereotactic (SBRT/SRS) — very focused high doses, often for brain or lung tumours.
• Proton therapy — available at a few Indian centres; selected situations.

What to expect

• Simulation / planning — CT scan, marks on skin, custom mould for positioning.
• Daily treatments, Monday-Friday, usually 15-30 minutes; course lasts 1-7 weeks.
• The treatment itself is painless and silent; you don't become radioactive.
• Side-effects build up — often peak near the end of treatment and for 2 weeks after.
• Many side-effects are local — to the area being treated (skin reaction, mouth sores for head-and-neck, cough for chest, diarrhoea for pelvis). Fatigue is common.
• Long-term late effects vary by area — scarring, fertility, heart/lung changes, rare second cancers.

Practical points during treatment

• Don't miss sessions — consistency matters.
• Keep skin in the treated area clean; use mild soap; avoid perfumed products; moisturiser as advised.
• Eat protein-rich meals; manage mouth sores with bland diet, frequent sips.
• Report fever, severe pain, bleeding, or dehydration early.
• Transport and scheduling is a real challenge — ask the social worker about free shelters at large cancer centres for out-of-town patients.
• Continue prescribed medicines; tell the radiation team about everything you take, including ayurvedic or herbal products.

Availability

Modern radiation therapy is available at Regional Cancer Centres, medical colleges, and major private hospitals across India. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY and many state schemes cover radiation for eligible patients. Treatment costs and availability vary — ask the oncology team upfront about what your plan costs and what is covered.