Male Breast Cancer

Yes, men can get breast cancer — and do. It is uncommon (roughly 1% of all breast cancers), but often diagnosed late because men don't expect it and don't self-examine. Presentation at an advanced stage is common in India; shame and disbelief delay care.

Who is at higher risk

• BRCA2 (and, less commonly, BRCA1) mutations.
• Strong family history — male or female breast cancer, or multiple relatives.
• Klinefelter syndrome (XXY).
• Age — average at diagnosis ~65-70.
• Obesity, alcohol, liver disease (changes hormonal balance).
• Previous radiation to the chest.
• High oestrogen exposure (some medical conditions).

Symptoms

• A painless lump under or behind the nipple.
• Nipple retraction, crusting, ulcer, discharge (often bloody).
• Skin changes over the chest.
• Swelling in the armpit.
• Any new chest-wall lump in a man over 50 deserves evaluation — don't dismiss it as a "fat lump" or gynecomastia.

Diagnosis and treatment

• Clinical examination + ultrasound + biopsy (same as in women).
• Mammography — helpful.
• Treatment mirrors female breast cancer — surgery (usually mastectomy), chemotherapy, hormone therapy (most male breast cancers are ER-positive), radiation, targeted therapy.
• BRCA testing is recommended for all men diagnosed with breast cancer — has implications for family members (sisters, daughters, brothers, sons).

Men can — and should — talk about breasts with their doctors. Early detection, just like in women, transforms outcomes.