Head Lice

Head lice are tiny insects that live in human hair. They are very common in school-age children, spread by head-to-head contact, and — despite folklore — are not a sign of poor hygiene. They cause itching but are otherwise harmless.

Symptoms

• Itchy scalp, particularly behind ears and nape of neck.
• Feeling of movement in the hair.
• Visible lice — small (pin-head size), brown-grey, moving.
• Nits (eggs) — tiny white specks firmly stuck to hair near the scalp (unlike dandruff, which brushes off easily).
• Scratch marks, sometimes infected.

Treatment

• Medicated lotions/shampoos — left on as directed; repeat dose after 7-9 days to catch newly hatched lice.
• Wet combing with a fine-toothed nit comb (several sessions over 2 weeks) — effective, cheap, chemical-free.
• Avoid kerosene or petrol — old "remedies" that are unsafe.
• Avoid re-using infested combs and hair accessories — soak in hot water or throw away.
• Wash bedsheets and pillowcases in hot water.
• Check and treat close household contacts at the same time.
• School need not be missed — most guidelines say a child can attend school while being treated.

Prevention

• Don't share combs, hair brushes, pillows, hair clips, scarves, towels.
• Tie long hair — makes transmission harder.
• Regular checks during school outbreak periods.
• De-stigmatise — talking openly avoids shame and helps treatment spread through a whole family/class.