Flu

Flu (influenza) is a respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. It spreads through droplets from coughs and sneezes. Flu is different from a common cold — symptoms are usually more severe and come on suddenly. Seasonal flu waves occur in India, typically around the monsoon and winter months.

Symptoms

• Sudden high fever
• Body aches and chills
• Severe tiredness
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sometimes diarrhoea or vomiting (more common in children)

Symptoms usually last 5-7 days, though tiredness and cough can linger longer.

When to see a doctor

• Breathlessness
• Chest pain or pressure
• Persistent high fever
• Severe weakness or dehydration
• Confusion, drowsiness
• Blue lips or face
• A child with high fever, refusing feeds, or hard to rouse

Who is at higher risk of severe flu?

• Older adults (65+)
• Young children under 5
• Pregnant women
• People with chronic conditions — asthma, COPD, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes
• People with weakened immunity
• People with obesity

Treatment

For most people flu gets better with:

• Rest, plenty of fluids
• Paracetamol for fever and aches
• Warm fluids (soup, tea) for throat and cough
• Staying home to avoid spreading infection

Antiviral medicines may be used for high-risk patients or severe disease, best started early. Antibiotics do NOT treat flu — they're only needed if a bacterial infection develops on top of it.

Prevention

• Annual flu vaccine — strongly recommended for older adults, young children, pregnant women, people with chronic conditions, and healthcare workers. Flu strains change; a fresh vaccine each year is needed.
• Wash hands often
• Cover coughs and sneezes
• Stay home if unwell to protect others
• Avoid close contact with sick people during outbreaks